THE TIGER OF ISLAM- SALAUDDIN YUSUF IBN AYYUB

"The tiger of islam" k se masahoor Salauddin ibn ayyub (1138-1193) ka janm tikrit (in modern day iraq) k kurdish khandan me hua tha.

Salauddin ka Family aur janm

1132 me mosul k raja imad ad-din zengi ki hari hui fauj wapas lautate wakat apne wapsi k raste ko tigris nadi jo tikrit kile k opposite tha se ghira paya.  Us samay Salauddin k pita Najamuddin ayyub ne unki sahayata ki aur unhe tikrit me saran diya. Muzahed ad-din bihruz, jo ki northern mesopetamia ka military governor tha, ne Najamuddin ayyub ko zengi ko saran dene k karan danta fatkara aur 1137 me tikrit se nikal diya.  Baha-ad-din ibn sahadat k anusaar Salauddin ka janm usi raat hua jab Najamuddin ayyub ne tikrit chhoda tha. 1139 me Najamuddin ayyub apne family k sath mosul pahucha. Mosul me zengi ne unhe baalbek kile ka commander nyukt kiya. Aisa mana jata hai ki Jerusalem par cristians ka attack bhi inka apne majhab k prati akarsan ka ek karan hai.

Salauddin yusuf ibn ayyub ka bachpan 

Tiger of islam kahe jane wale Salauddin yusuf ibn ayyub jo ab damaskash me rahte the ka bachpan asan nahi tha. Education k baare me Salauddin likhte hai ki " bachcho ko wahi life chunana padta tha jo unke bade bujurgon ne chuna tha.  Bahut se tathya ye darsate hai ki apne padhai k dino me military se jyada dharm me interested the. 

            Salauddin yusuf ibn ayyub ne apna military carrier apne chacha asad-al-din shirkuh k dekh rekh me suru kiya. 1163 me Fatimid k vazeer al adid shawar jab rival dirgham ( banu ruzzaik kabile ka ek powerful sadasya ) k dwara jab egypt se barkhast ki gya tab usne nuraddin (gengi's son) se military support mangi. 1164 me nuraddin ne shirkuh ko shawar ki sahayata k liye bheja. Salauddin bhi unke sath gaye is wakat inki aayu 26 saal thi. Jab shawar phir se vazir k roop me nyukat ho gya to usne shirkuh ko 30,000 dinar dete egypt se apne army hatane k liye kaha. Lekin shirkuh ne yah kahte hue ki nuruddin ki yah ichha ki ham yahi rahe uske proposal ko thukra diya. Salaudin ka role is abhiyaan me kuchh khas nahi tha aisa mana jata hai ki  shirkuh ne Salauddin ko Bilbais ( jaha unhone ezypt me dera dala tha ) k isaiyo aur shawar k combined force se gheta bandi hone se pahle tax collext karne ki jimmedaari di thi

PART 2    THE TIGER OF ISLAM KI PAHLI JANG

Bilbais se barkhast hone k bad eesai egyptian force aur shirkuh k army k bich nil nadi k pass jang chhid gai.  Salauddin is jang me zengid army k dahini tukadi ko command kar rahe the.  Kurds left tukadi ko aur shirkuh samne wali tukadi ko command kar rahe the. Salauddin army ne bahut jald caesarea k commander Hugh ko captured kar liya. is jang me zengid army ne fatah hasil ki. Salauddin ko shirkuh k is etihasic fatah k liye samman diya gya.  Iske baad Salauddin aur shirkuh Alexandria k taraf kuch kar gye. Alexandria me unka swagat kiya gya aur unhe paisa, hathiyar aur thaharne k liye jagah diya gya.

EZYPT PE FATAH

Is jang k kuchh samay baad shirkuh phir se shawar par chadhai kar diye. Is jang me shawar k taraf se Jerusalem k Amalric I ne bhi jang me hissa liya . 1169 me Salauddin ne shawar pe fatah hasil ki. Is jang k kuchh samay baad shirkuh bhi isi saal parda farma gaye. Nuraddin ne Salauddin ko shirkuh k utaradhikari k roop me choona.

         Al adid ne Salauddin ko shawar ki jagah wajir nyukt kiya. Salauddin (sunni) ko ek siya k dwara wajir choone jane k pichhe aneko dalile di jati hai. Kuchh kahte hai ki apne salahkaro ki salah par al adid ne unhe wajir choona. Salahkaro ka kahna tha ki amiro me koi Salauddin jaisa imaandar aur loyal ne hai jo uske har aadesh ki palan kare. Lekin us wakat k anusaar bahut saare aise aamir the jo is ohde ko inkaar nahi karte aur khud al adid k salahkaar bhi is position k ichhuk the. Kuchh ka manana tha ki salaudin ko unki family k reputation ki wajah se chuna gya. Kuchh ka manana hai ki jengid k aamir hi Salauddin ko wajir banana chahte the.
        wajir bante hi Salauddin ne sharab pine par rok laga diya. Kuchh samay baad ezypt k kuchh soldier aur amiro ne mil kar Salauddin ki hatya ka sadyantra racha lekin Salauddin ko iske baare me malum chal gya aur Salauddin ne unhe giraftar kar maut ki saja di.
                  1169 k ant me Salauddin ne ek bahut bade isai army pe fatah hasil kar EZYPT pe apne pakad ko aur majbut kar liya. Unhone apne family members ko egypt me unche ohde pe kabij kar diya aur sunnio k liye ek college ki sthapna ka aadesh diya.
          Egypt me khud ko puri tarah se sthapit karne k baad Salauddin isai sainiko k khilaf abhiyaan ched diye aur darum ki gherabandi karna suru kar diye. Almeric ne gaza se apne templer raksha karmi ko darum ki raksha karne k liye bula liya. Lekin Salauddin Almeric ki fauj ko hara kar gaza bhi apne niyantran me kar liye. Isi sal Salauddin isaiyo k Eilat kile ko bhi apne niyantran me kar liye jo ek island pe bana tha aur muslim ship k liye paresani khada kar sakta tha.

Re-Establishment of abasid caliphate ( jo hamare nabi muhammad saheb k chach jan ABBAS IBN ABDUL MUTALIB k dwara suru kiya gya tha Isliye iska nam ABASID PADA)

Imad ad din k anusaar nur ad-din ne ek khat likh kar 1171 me Salauddin ko egypt me phir se abasid caliphate ko sthapit karne ko kaha. Najm ad-din al khabushani , jo shia sasan ka kattar birodhi tha, k utsah badhane par Salauddin 2 mahine k baad phir se abasid caliphate ko phir se sanyojit kiye. Bahut sare egyptian amir ( sunni ) mar diye gye lekin al-adid (shia) ka kahna tha ki ve uske khilaf vidroh karne k liye mare gaye. Kuchh samay baad al adid bimar pad gya. Aisa bhi mana jata hai ki use jahar diya gya tha. Jab al-adid bimar tha to usne Salauddin ko bulava bheja aur unse aagrah kiya ki uske baad wo uske bachho ki dekhbhaal kare lekin Salauddin abasid caliphate se dhokha k dar se uske is aagrah ko namanjur kar diye. Jab unhe abasid k chahat ka ehsas hua to unhone apne faisale pe khed jataya. 5 din baad 13 sep ko al adid ki maut ho gai. 

       25 September ko Jerusalem k kerak aur Montreal par aakraman karne k liye Salauddin nuruddin k saath cairo se Jerusalem k liye chal diye. Montreal pahunchne se pahle hi Salauddin ko  khabar mili ki isai neta khas kar Fatimid unke anupasthiti me ezypt k drohiyon ko apne kheme me kar unpapar hamla kar apni khoi hui prasidhi ko phir se paana chahta hai. Isliye nuruddin ko akele hi montreal jaana pada.

           1173 me ek nubian army aur armeniaan refugiyon ka ek dal ek sath mil kar aswan ko kabje me lene k irade se egypt k border par dera dale the. Aswan k amir ne Salauddin se mil kar aagrah kiya ki wo unki hifajat kare. Apne bhai k dabav dene k chalte Salauddin aswan ki sahayata ko aage aaye aur nubian army ko pichhe hatna pada. Lekin kuchh samay k baad hi nubian army ne phir se aswan par chadhai k liye wapas aai. Is baar egyptian force aswan se bahar nikal kar nubian k ek shahar ibrin ko apne kabje me le liya. Salauddin gift k roop me 60,000 dinars,  ek hathi, kuchh gahne aur saman apne friend aur teacher nuruddin ko bheje.

                                                     31 july 1173 ko Salauddin k pita ek ghodsi durghatna me ghayal ho gye Ek august ko parda farma gye. 

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